How to prevent and manage head injuries this World Head Injury Day

Every year, millions of people worldwide are affected by head injuries, many of which could have been prevented. From road accidents to sports injuries and falls, head trauma remains a leading cause of disability and death. In South Africa, alcohol-related violence and motor vehicle accidents are among the biggest contributors to traumatic brain injuries.

Dr Denver Naicker, a specialist neurosurgeon at Life Cosmos Hospital, sees the impact of head injuries daily. "One moment can change everything," he says. "Head injuries don’t just affect the patient – they affect families and communities too."

What happens during a head injury?

A head injury can range from a mild concussion to a severe brain injury that requires surgery. The most common types include:

• Concussions: These occur after a blow to the head and can cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, and even mood changes.
• Traumatic brain injuries (TBI): These are more serious and can result in long-term damage or even death.
• Spinal injuries: These often happen alongside head injuries and can lead to spinal instability or cord compression and paralysis.

When should you seek medical help?

After a head injury, it is important to monitor symptoms closely. Seek medical help immediately if you or someone else experiences:

• Repeated vomiting (more than twice, especially in children).
• Severe or persistent headaches.
• Loss of consciousness, even for a brief moment.
• Seizures or unusual body movements.
• Changes in mood or confusion.
• Weakness or numbness in arms or legs.

"A concussion is a head injury, even if the scan looks normal," explains Dr Naicker. "If you’re not feeling right, don’t ignore it."

How to prevent head injuries

Many head injuries can be prevented by making safer choices every day:

• Wear a seatbelt. Car accidents are a leading cause of head trauma. Always buckle up and ensure children are in appropriate car seats.
• Never drink and drive. Alcohol is a major factor in accidents and assaults. Always plan for a sober ride home.
• Wear a helmet. Whether you’re riding a bike, motorcycle, or playing contact sports, a helmet can significantly reduce the risk of severe injury.
• Prevent falls. Make sure homes and workplaces are free from hazards that could cause slips or falls, especially for children and older adults.
• Protect kids during sports. If a child gets hit in the head during a game, they should stop playing and be monitored before returning to activity.

Recovering from a head injury

Recovery varies depending on the severity of the injury. Mild concussions may resolve in a few days, but some people experience lingering effects, known as post-concussive syndrome. These symptoms include brain fog, dizziness, and mood changes, and they may last weeks or months.

"The key to recovery is rest and patience," says Dr Naicker. "If the injury happened during sports, the player must take time to heal before returning to play."

Final thoughts

Head injuries can happen in an instant but have lasting consequences. By taking simple precautions, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from unnecessary harm. This World Head Injury Day, let’s commit to safer roads, safer sports, and smarter decisions.

"Prevention is always better than treatment," says Dr Naicker. "It’s easier to put on a helmet or a seatbelt than to recover from a brain injury."

Learn more about Life Rehabilitation's services for individuals suffering from traumatic brain injury here.